Catalytic removal of iron from reduced ilmenite
In a recent process (Becher et al, 1965), the iron oxide of ilmenite is reduced to the metallic state using coal, which is then catalytically converted to solid iron oxide, which can be easily separated The product obtained is synthetic rutile containing around 92% Ti02 The initial charge that contains the ilmenite mixed with the lime and anthracite are melted in the first stage The basic reduction process provides for the formation of a molten bath of iron from the reduced iron oxide The content of the molten iron oxides falls down to a required level Aluminothermic studies of a liquid partial reduced The oxidized and reduced ilmenite samples were found to contain less residual iron than the nonoxidized and reduced samples The leaching out of iron was increased by 24% and 52% respectively at 1000 and 1050 °C due to prior oxidationKinetics of leaching of oxidized and reduced ilmenite
An electrochemical study of reduced ilmenite carbon
To understand the polarization behaviour of reduced ilmenite, the polarization behaviour of iron oxide and iron powder carbon paste electrodes has also been investigated It was shown that synthetic rutile and reduced ilmenite promoted the anodic dissolution of ironThere were two phases too separating completely in the reduced ilmenite, one of which was the metallic phase consisting of almost pure iron and the other was an oxide phase mainly composed of titanium dioxides The composition of the titaniumrich phase in the oxidized ilmenite was between the composition of Fe2O3TiO2and that of Fe2O33TiO2Kinetics of the Oxidation and Reduction of Synthetic The anodic dissolution of reduced ilmenite has been studied using the carbon paste electrode technique To understand the polarization behaviour of reduced ilmenite, the polarization behaviour of iron oxide and iron powder carbon paste electrodes has also been investigated It was shown that synthetic rutile and reduced ilmenite promoted the anodic dissolution of ironAn electrochemical study of reduced ilmenite carbon
Preparation of synthetic rutile from reduced ilmenite
The oxidation of metallic iron in the reduced ilmenite can be significantly shortened from nearly 20 h to about 5 h with the addition of AQ2, 6 into the NH 4 Cl aqueous solution (as shown in Fig 7) However, the effect of combined hydrochloric acid and AQ2, The oxidation of ilmenite enhances the reduction kinetics due to increased porosity resulting from crystal structure changes of minerals in particles [ 6, 10 ] Furthermore, thermodynamically, hematite in the oxidized ilmenite is more rapidly reduced than magnetite [ 6 ]Phase Transitions and Microstructural Changes During metallic iron present in the reduced ilmenite is oxidized to solid iron oxide using NH4Cl as catalyst There is necessity for improving the oxidation process, which is very slow in presence of NH4Cl Attempts were hence made to study the effects of various organic compounds with a A STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR THE RUSTING OF REDUCED
Composition Of Ilmenite (mass Percentages): During
Composition of ilmenite (mass percentages): During the reduction reaction iron oxide and TiO2 are reduced in parallel, in such a way that the slag composition (as far as FeO and Ti2O3 are concerned) follows the following relationship (composition in mass percentages): (%Ti2O3) = 4647 – 1628 (%FeO) Sample of oxidized ilmenite was then reduced by charcoal for 4 h at 1050 ± 5 °CThe details of the experimental set up for reduction can be found elsewhere (Haseeb et al, 1997)Separate samples of asreceived ilmenite (no prior oxidation) were also reduced under otherwise identical conditions to identify the effects of prior oxidation on the extent of subsequent leaching of the reduced massKinetics of leaching of oxidized and reduced ilmenite There were two phases too separating completely in the reduced ilmenite, one of which was the metallic phase consisting of almost pure iron and the other was an oxide phase mainly composed of titanium dioxides The composition of the titaniumrich phase in the oxidized ilmenite was between the composition of Fe 2 O 3 TiO 2 and that of Fe 2 O Kinetics of the Oxidation and Reduction of Synthetic
An investigation of the production of iron oxide
A byproduct of the Becher synthetic rutile process is iron oxide, formed during the aeration reaction which rusts the iron from the reduced ilmenite This project explored the feasibility of producing marketable iron oxide for pigmentation, by oxide calcination Keywords: iron oxide, reduced ilmenite, pigment, synthetic rutile, oxide calcination the rusting step the reduced ilmenite is subjected to oxidation by suspending it in NH4Cl solution followed by aeration when the iron oxide comes out, which can be separated The major disadvantage of the above process is that the rusting is most time consuming step, which takes about 16 hrs for completionA STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR THE RUSTING OF REDUCED The oxidation of ammonia to NOx and N2 was investigated under conditions that pertain to the fuel reactor during the chemicallopping combustion of coal with ilmenite The catalytic decomposition of NH3, the oxidation of NH3 over ilmenite, and the reduction of NO by reduced ilmenite and NH3 were studied experimentally The catalytic decomposition of NH3, NO reduction by NH3, and reduced Oxidation of Ammonia by Ilmenite under Conditions
Reductive kinetics of the reaction between a natural
The phases before and after reduction and the morphology of reduced samples were identified by using Xray diffraction and optical microscopy analysis, respectively The reduction degree of the ilmenite decreased due to the presence of impurities Manganese and magnesium oxiderich zones formed which prevented complete reduction of Fe 2+Western Australian ilmenite was reduced using “Collie” coal at temperatures in the range 1587 to 1790 K to form carbonsaturated iron and titanium oxycarbide The oxycarbide phase formed from Ti 3 O 5 at temperatures below 1686 K and from Ti 2 O 3 at temperatures above 1686 K At 1686 K, both mechanisms occurredSimultaneous reduction and carburization of ilmenite The reduced uraniferous mineralizations associated with the volcanic rocks of the Sierra Pena Blanca (Chihuahua, Mexico) nium oxideilmenite phase It corresponds to a first conc€ntration of uranium within the Nopal I pipe Uranium precipitated within volcanic ilmenites, perhaps in micro The reduced uraniferous mineralizations associated with
Characterisation and Carbothermal Reduction of a
Titanium oxide in the ilmenite was converted to titanium oxycarbonitride Iron oxides were reduced to metallic iron The Changes of impurities as a result of reduction was examined by SEM and EPMA analyses Iron and chromium oxides within Ferich chromite were reduced to form a FeCrC alloy Mgrich chrome spinels were partly reduced at 1200C Sorelslag prepared by arcsmelting of ilmenite also is used commercially in the sulfate process to produce titania pigment The Sorelslag, containing about 70 wtpct TiO2 and 10 to 15 wtpct iron oxide, still yields iron sulfate as a byproduct in the sulfate process; consequently, disposal problems are reduced but not eliminatedTitanium Oxide or Titania Pigment by Ilmenite A byproduct of the Becher synthetic rutile process is iron oxide, formed during the aeration reaction which rusts the iron from the reduced ilmenite This project explored the feasibility of producing marketable iron oxide for pigmentation, by oxide calcination Keywords: iron oxide, reduced ilmenite, pigment, synthetic rutile, oxide calcinationAn investigation of the production of iron oxide
v117n5a2 Solidstate reduction of an ilmenite concentrate
reduction sequence of ilmenite by carbon; in particular, to define the reduction stage during which the majority of the iron oxide is reduced to the alloy phase before any significant reduction of the titanium oxide in the solid state The relative (preferential) reduction of iron oxides over titanium oxides becomes important (Pistorius, 2002)Ilmenite suite granitoids have pronounced negative europium anomalies Stockwork mineralization is found within and nearby the relatively reduced ilmeniteseries granites Based on their mineral assemblages (arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, tourmaline, pyrite, gold and quartz), the orebearing fluids that generated these stockwork veins was also reducedPetrochemistry of the Reduced, IlmeniteSeries ilmenite is higher due to the lower content of impurities such as magnesium and calcium oxides However, magnesium oxide has somewhat larger effect on the reduction kinetics than manganese oxide This might be due to the fact that magnesium oxide forms aReduction Mechanism of a Natural Ilmenite with Graphite
B Generalized Proc ess Description
The reduced ilmenite is then batchdigested in rot aryball digesters with 1820% HCl at 140° C Ferrous oxide in the ilmenite is converted to soluble ferrous chloride, and the TiO 2 portion of the ilmenite is left as a solid Spent acid liquor, which contains excess HCl and ferrous chloride, is sent to an acid regeneration circuit The TiO 2 The reduced uraniferous mineralizations associated with the volcanic rocks of the Sierra Pena Blanca (Chihuahua, Mexico) nium oxideilmenite phase It corresponds to a first conc€ntration of uranium within the Nopal I pipe Uranium precipitated within volcanic ilmenites, perhaps in micro The reduced uraniferous mineralizations associated with the ilmenite structure, thermal reduction to convert ferric oxide to easily leachable ferrous oxide, leaching of the reduced ilmenite with hydrochloric acid to remove iron oxide and treatement of the iron chloride bearing spent acid to regenerate and recycle LIMS SEPARATION I M CONDUCTING NON
Effect of Processing Parameters on Aeration of
Aeration step, one of the major stages in the Becher process was carried out on reduced Hatinh (Vietnam) ilmenite in NH4Cl solution and the effect of several processing parameters were thoroughly investigated including the temperature, time, liquid/solid weight ratio (L/S), air flow rate and concentration of NH4Cl solution The obtained results showed that longer rinsing time, higher liquid The reduced ilmenite is then batchdigested in rotaryball digesters with 1820% HCl at 140° C Ferrous oxide in the ilmenite is converted to soluble ferrous chloride, and the TiO2 portion of the ilmenite is left as a solid Spent acid liquor, which contains excess HCl and ferrous chloride, is SYNTHETIC RUTILE FROM ILMENITE Entrepreneur India Sorelslag prepared by arcsmelting of ilmenite also is used commercially in the sulfate process to produce titania pigment The Sorelslag, containing about 70 wtpct TiO2 and 10 to 15 wtpct iron oxide, still yields iron sulfate as a byproduct in the sulfate process; consequently, disposal problems are reduced but not eliminatedTitanium Oxide or Titania Pigment by Ilmenite